The editorial board of the journal consistently adheres to high standards of academic integrity and publication ethics, ensuring a transparent, impartial, and timely procedure for handling relevant complaints.

Complaints may relate, in particular, to cases of plagiarism, self-plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, improper authorship, conflicts of interest, manipulation of the peer review process, or violations of ethical standards in the preparation and publication of manuscripts. Complaints may be submitted by authors, reviewers, readers, or any other interested parties.

The handling of complaints follows this procedure:
• Registration of the complaint. All complaints are recorded by the editorial office and undergo an initial assessment regarding their relevance and substantiation.
• Preliminary evaluation. The editorial board determines whether the case requires a detailed investigation and, if necessary, requests additional materials or explanations.
• Expert review. Independent reviewers, members of the editorial board, or external experts in the relevant field may be involved in the assessment.
• Decision-making. Based on the results of the review, the editorial board makes a decision, which may include rejection of the manuscript, issuance of corrections, publication of a retraction or correction notice, withdrawal of the article, or other appropriate actions.
• Notification of the parties. All parties involved are provided with a reasoned response regarding the outcome of the complaint.

The editorial board ensures confidentiality, impartiality, and adherence to the principle of presumption of integrity until a violation is established. In complex or disputed cases, decisions are made with due regard to international best practices in publication ethics.

The journal reserves the right to initiate an investigation on its own initiative if there are indications of unethical conduct at any stage of the editorial process.